Ultrasound

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What is an ultrasound?

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How does an ultrasound work?

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What are the different kinds of ultrasounds?

There are three main categories of ultrasound imaging, including:

  • Pregnancy ultrasound (prenatal ultrasound).
  • Diagnostic ultrasound.
  • Ultrasound guidance for procedures.

Pregnancy ultrasound

Healthcare providers often use ultrasound (often called prenatal or obstetric ultrasound) to monitor you and the fetus during pregnancy.

Providers use prenatal ultrasound to:

  • Confirm that you’re pregnant.
  • Check to see if you’re pregnant with more than one fetus.
  • Estimate how long you’ve been pregnant and the gestational age of the fetus.
  • Check the fetal growth and position.
  • See the fetal movement and heart rate.
  • Check for congenital conditions (birth defects) in the fetal brain, spinal cord, heart or other parts of its body.
  • Check the amount of amniotic fluid.

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Diagnostic ultrasound

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Examples of diagnostic ultrasounds include:

  • Abdominal ultrasound : An ultrasound probe moves across the skin of your midsection (belly) area. Abdominal ultrasound can diagnose many causes of abdominal pain.
  • Kidney (renal) ultrasound : Providers use kidney ultrasound to assess the size, location and shape of your kidneys and related structures, such as your ureters and bladder. Ultrasound can detect cysts, tumors, obstructions or infections within or around your kidneys.
  • Breast ultrasound : A breast ultrasound is a noninvasive test to identify breast lumps and cysts. Your provider may recommend an ultrasound after an abnormal mammogram.
  • Doppler ultrasound : This is a special ultrasound technique that assesses the movement of materials, like blood, in your body. It allows your provider to see and evaluate blood flow through arteries and veins in your body. Doppler ultrasound is often used as part of a diagnostic ultrasound study or as part of a vascular ultrasound.
  • Pelvic ultrasound : A pelvic ultrasound looks at the organs in your pelvic area between your lower abdomen (belly) and legs. Some of the pelvic organs include your bladder, prostate, rectum, ovaries, uterus and vagina.
  • Transvaginal ultrasound : Your provider inserts a probe into your vaginal canal. It shows reproductive tissues such as your uterus or ovaries. A transvaginal ultrasound is sometimes called a pelvic ultrasound because it evaluates structures inside your pelvis (hip bones).
  • Thyroid ultrasound : Providers use ultrasound to assess your thyroid, a butterfly-shaped endocrine gland in your neck. Providers can measure the size of your thyroid and see if there are nodules or lesions within the gland.
  • Transrectal ultrasound : Your provider inserts an ultrasound probe transducer into your rectum. It evaluates your rectum or other nearby tissues, such as the prostate in people assigned male at birth.

Ultrasound guidance for procedures

Providers sometimes use ultrasound to perform certain procedures precisely. A common use of ultrasound is to guide needle placement to sample fluid or tissue from:

  • Tendons.
  • Joints.
  • Muscles.
  • Cysts or fluid collections.
  • Soft-tissue masses.
  • Organs (liver, kidney or prostate).
  • Transplant organs (liver, kidney or pancreas).

Examples of other procedures that may require ultrasound guidance include:

  • Embryo transfer for in vitro fertilization.
  • Nerve blocks.
  • Confirming the placement of an IUD (intrauterine device) after insertion.
  • Lesion localization procedures.

What is the difference between a 3D ultrasound and a 4D ultrasound?

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Who performs an ultrasound?

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Test Details

How do I prepare for an ultrasound?

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What happens during an ultrasound?

Preparation for an ultrasound varies depending on what body part you’ll have scanned. Your provider may ask you to remove certain pieces of clothes or change into a hospital gown.

Ultrasounds that involve applying the transducer (probe) over your skin (not in your body), follow these general steps:

  • You’ll lie on your side or back on a comfortable table.
  • The ultrasound technician will apply a small amount of water-soluble gel on your skin over the area to be examined. This gel doesn’t harm your skin or stain your clothes.
  • The technician will move a handheld transducer or probe over the gel to get images inside your body.
  • The technician may ask you to be very still or to hold your breath for a few seconds to create clearer pictures.
  • Once the technician has gotten enough images, they’ll wipe off any remaining gel on your skin and you’ll be done.

An ultrasound test usually takes 30 minutes to an hour. If you have any questions about your specific type of ultrasound, ask your healthcare provider.

Is an ultrasound painful?

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Are ultrasounds safe?

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Results and Follow-Up

When should I know the results of my ultrasound?

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What conditions can be detected by ultrasound?

Ultrasound can help providers diagnose a wide range of medical issues, including:

  • Abnormal growths, such as tumors or cancer.
  • Blood clots.
  • Ectopic pregnancy (when a fertilized egg implants outside of your uterus).
  • Gallstones.
  • Aortic aneurysm.
  • Kidney or bladder stones.
  • Cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation).
  • Varicocele (enlarged veins in the testicles).

What questions should I ask my healthcare provider about my ultrasound?

If you need an ultrasound, you may want to ask your provider the following questions:

  • What type of ultrasound do I need?
  • What should I do to prepare for my ultrasound?
  • Do I need any other tests?
  • When should I expect to get test results?

A note from Cleveland Clinic

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